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1. 基数词和序数词的基本用法
数词分基序数和序数词两类。基数词表示数目，序数词表示序数。序数词一般由基数词后加th构成，且前通常要用定冠词the。如：
________ cave that George has discovered in his lifetime is near the Alps. (上海卷)
A. The hundredth B. The hundred
C. Hundredth D. A hundredth
【分析】答案选A。由单数名词cave及单数谓语动词is可知，是用序数词，排除B；序数词前通常用the，排除C和D。
2. 年龄表达法
①表示某人几岁的确切年龄，用“基数词＋years old”或“基数词＋of age”或者“at the age of＋基数词”，也可直接用基数词。如：
He looked quite healthy though he was ________. (上海卷)
A. in seventy B. in his seventy
C. at seventies D. at the age of seventy
【分析】答案选D。at the age of seventy =at seventy =seventy =seventy years old = seventy years of age(在70岁时)。
②表示某人几十多岁这样的约略年龄，用“in one’s + 逢十的基数词的复数(如tens, twenties, thirties等)”来表达。如：
The hero of the story is an artist in his ________. (全国卷)
A. thirtieth B. thirty
C. thirty’s D. thirties
【分析】答案选D。in his thirties在他30多岁时。
3. 年代表达法
表示在某个世纪的几十年代，用“in the +逢十的基数词的复数”。基数词的复数若用阿拉伯数字表示，可直接加s，也可加’s。如(from nmet168)：
It is not rare in ________ that people in ________ fifties are going to university for further education.
A. 90s; the B. the 90s; /
C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their
【分析】答案选D。表示年代时，基数词前一定要用the，排除A和C；表示某人几十多岁，基数词前一定要用形容词性物主代词，排除B。
4. hundred, thousand和million的用法
在hundred, thousand, million, billion等的前面有基数词或several时，只能用单数形式；注意这类词前不能与many连用，若表示不确定数目的数百、数千、数百万等时，就一定要在它们的复数形式，还要加上of了。如：
________ people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day. (上海春)
A. Several million B. Many millions
C. Several millions D. Many million
【分析】答案选A。million前有several时，只能用单数形式在名词前作定语。请比较：He has millions of books.
5.dozen, score的用法与hundred, thousand等的用法相似。前面有基数词时，只能用单数作定语；若表示“几十”“许多”时，用复数加of。如：
1. Mr. Smith ________ me to buy several ________ eggs for the dinner. (上海卷)
A. asked; dozen B. suggested; dozens of
C. had; dozen D. persuaded; dozens
【分析】答案选A。前有several时，作定语的dozen只能用单数，排除B和D；根据句型搭配，可说ask sb. to do sth., 但却说have sb. do sth., 排除C。
2. Shortly after the accident, ________ police were sent to the spot to keep order. (全国卷)
A. dozens of B. dozens
C. dozen of D. dozen
【分析】答案选A。前面无基数词，表示“许多，几十”时，用复数加of。
注：①score用法略有不同，与数词连用时，也加of。如two score of eggs (40个蛋)。②有时单数形式的dozen, score, hundred, million等前面有数词，后面也有of，此时的of表示的是部分与整体的关系，其后一定是them, us之类的人称代词或者有the, these, your之类的限定词。如I want to buy three dozen of the eggs. (我想买其中的三打蛋。)
6. 分数表达法
分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于一时，分母的序数词要用复数。表示几分之几的人或物时，要用介词of。若作主语，谓语动词与of后的名词一致。如：
1. ________ of the land in that district ________ covered with trees and grass. (上海卷)
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are
C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
【分析】答案选C。分子two大于一，分母fifth要用复数，排除A和B；of后的名词land是单数，谓语动词也用单数，排除D(from nmet168)。
2.China is ________ larger than the United States. (上海卷)
A. one six B. one sixth
C. one sixes D. one sixths
【分析】答案选A。分母用序数词；分母是one，分母用单数sixth。
. 百分数的表达法
百分数用“基数词＋percent”，若表示百分之几十的人或物时，用加of，作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词数一致。如：
Forty percent of the students wear glasses. 百分之四十的学生戴眼镜。
8. “基数词+名词”作定语
“基数词+名词(+形容词)”作定语，通常有以下两种形式：“不定冠词+基数词+连字符号+单数名词+(连字符+形容词)+名词”；“基数词+名词的所有格+名词”。如a ten-minute walk(=ten minutes’ walk步行10分钟的路程)，a 50-meter-wide road (一条50米宽的公路), an eight-year-old boy (=a boy of 8 一个5岁的男孩)。
It took us quite a long time to get there. It was ________ journey. (北京春)
A. three-hour B. a three hour
C. a three-hour D. three hours
【分析】答案选C。
