英语语法中什么是介词?
介词怎么用,有哪些用法?
高考英语介词的用法求解答。。。
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常用介词基本用法 1. at:主要表示方向、场所、时间的某一点 at the corner of the street,at dinner,at sixty miles an hour,be sold at three yuan a dozen,come at us 固定搭配:at daybreak,at one time,at the beginning of,at the post office,at the airport,at dawn,at the weekend,at the age of 25,at the same time,at birth,at present,at any time,at a time,at times,at the speed of ,at a height of ,at the latest 表示原因,表示“见/闻……而”。 at the news 2. in:表示场所、时间与期限、状况、方向。 be dressed in rags in English be sold in pairs 主要用来表示较长的时间单位,如月份、季节、年份等 in the 1990s in the late 19th century 形成“in+时段名词”的词组或固定搭配 in those days,in the daytime,in a short while,in no time,in time 介词in在短语或句型中的省略: 1) 某些形容词/过去分词后接v-ing形式时,v-ing形式前的介词in可以省略。 be busy (in) doing be engaged (in) doing (忙于……) 2) 某些动词如busy、occupy、employ等,常与反身代词连用,其后的in也可以省略。 busy oneself (in) doing occupy oneself (in) doing 3) 某些动词如spend、pass、waste等与表示时间的名词连用,后面的介词也可以省略。 spend time (in) doing waste time (in) doing 4) 在have no difficulty in doing sth.、have no trouble in doing sth.、have no business in doing sth.等句型中介词也可以省略。 5) 在句型There is no use (in)doing sth.中,介词也可省略。 固定搭配:in the world,in (the)future,in the snow /rain / storm,in ink,in short,in public,in return,in turn,in danger,in this way,in that case,in search of,in place of,in the air,in case,in common,in the hope of,in other words,in praise of,in silence,in space,in one’s opinion,in modern times,in surprise,in a queue,in the open air 3. on:主要表示在上面、根据或基础、有关或涉及的方面、表示某天。 固定搭配:on doing sth.,on the afternoon of October,on Tuesday evening,on foot,hit sb. on the head,on the right/ left,on fire, on duty,on sale,on the radio,on and on,on show,on earth, on average,on one’s own 注意:一般带有宗教色彩的节日名词前面用at,如圣诞节。 一般的节日名词前用on。 4. by主要表示接近、时限、动作的执行者、方式。 固定搭配:by the village,be paid by the month,by oneself, by chance,by foot(=on foot),by hand,learn … by heart, by mistake,by accident,by force,year by year,side by side, stone by stone,by now / then 5. for主要表示目的、原因、交换值以及时间和距离的长度。 固定搭配:make sth. for sb.,for some reason or other, thank sb. for sth.,for almost one year,for example, for the time being,for sale,for free,for one thing,for nothing 6. of表示部分与全体的关系、所有关系、来源和所用的材料。 of所有格表示的多种关系: 1) 从属关系:the wheel of the car 2) 局部----整体关系:some of the water 3) 量化关系:a cup of tea 4) 描述关系:a professor of learning(知识丰富的教授) 5) 同位关系: the city of Beijing 6) 动宾关系:the study of the map(研究地图) 7) 主谓关系:the determination of the workers(工人们的决心) 固定搭配:be of much use,rob sb. of sth.,be fond of,make fun of,be tired of,of one’s own,instead of,run out of 7. to 主要表示方向、程度、结果、关系和位置。 固定搭配:rise to / by …,to one’s surprise / joy/ astonishment, to the east of,key to…,come up to,add up to,be open to the public,to the point,thanks to,suit … to …,stick to,refer to 三、 容易错、常考的介词及搭配 1. be made of,be made from,be made into,be made in 2. call on = visit,call for = go and pick up,call at one’s house or office 3. on business (出差)/ strike()罢工 / duty(值日) / holiday / fire / vacation / watch(警戒) / sale(出售) / leave(请假) / guard(警戒) 4. have some trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.,have a habit / idea / plan of doing sth. 5. A is pleased to B,B is pleased with A(对……感到满意) 6. be tired of,be tired from 7. with the help of,under the leadership of 8. by means of(使用),by way of(经由),by heart(记住),by the way 9. out of question(毫无疑问),out of the question(毫不可能) 10. prevent / stop / keep sb. from doing sth. 11. be thankful to sb. for sth. 12. steal sth. from sb.,rob sb. of sth. 13. insist on doing sth.,persist in doing sth.,stick to,go on doing sth. 14. set about doing sth.,set ou |
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2022-04-02 21:32
常用介词基本用法 1. at:主要表示方向、场所、时间的某一点 at the corner of the street,at dinner,at sixty miles an hour,be sold at three yuan a dozen,come at us 固定搭配:at daybreak,at one time,at the beginning of,at the post office,at the airport,at dawn,at the weekend,at the age of 25,at the same time,at birth,at present,at any time,at a time,at times,at the speed of ,at a height of ,at the latest 表示原因,表示“见/闻……而”。 at the news 2. in:表示场所、时间与期限、状况、方向。 be dressed in rags in English be sold in pairs 主要用来表示较长的时间单位,如月份、季节、年份等 in the 1990s in the late 19th century 形成“in+时段名词”的词组或固定搭配 in those days,in the daytime,in a short while,in no time,in time 介词in在短语或句型中的省略: 1) 某些形容词/过去分词后接v-ing形式时,v-ing形式前的介词in可以省略。 be busy (in) doing be engaged (in) doing (忙于……) 2) 某些动词如busy、occupy、employ等,常与反身代词连用,其后的in也可以省略。 busy oneself (in) doing occupy oneself (in) doing 3) 某些动词如spend、pass、waste等与表示时间的名词连用,后面的介词也可以省略。 spend time (in) doing waste time (in) doing 4) 在have no difficulty in doing sth.、have no trouble in doing sth.、have no business in doing sth.等句型中介词也可以省略。 5) 在句型There is no use (in)doing sth.中,介词也可省略。 固定搭配:in the world,in (the)future,in the snow /rain / storm,in ink,in short,in public,in return,in turn,in danger,in this way,in that case,in search of,in place of,in the air,in case,in common,in the hope of,in other words,in praise of,in silence,in space,in one’s opinion,in modern times,in surprise,in a queue,in the open air 3. on:主要表示在上面、根据或基础、有关或涉及的方面、表示某天。 固定搭配:on doing sth.,on the afternoon of October,on Tuesday evening,on foot,hit sb. on the head,on the right/ left,on fire, on duty,on sale,on the radio,on and on,on show,on earth, on average,on one’s own 注意:一般带有宗教色彩的节日名词前面用at,如圣诞节。 一般的节日名词前用on。 4. by主要表示接近、时限、动作的执行者、方式。 固定搭配:by the village,be paid by the month,by oneself, by chance,by foot(=on foot),by hand,learn … by heart, by mistake,by accident,by force,year by year,side by side, stone by stone,by now / then 5. for主要表示目的、原因、交换值以及时间和距离的长度。 固定搭配:make sth. for sb.,for some reason or other, thank sb. for sth.,for almost one year,for example, for the time being,for sale,for free,for one thing,for nothing 6. of表示部分与全体的关系、所有关系、来源和所用的材料。 of所有格表示的多种关系: 1) 从属关系:the wheel of the car 2) 局部----整体关系:some of the water 3) 量化关系:a cup of tea 4) 描述关系:a professor of learning(知识丰富的教授) 5) 同位关系: the city of Beijing 6) 动宾关系:the study of the map(研究地图) 7) 主谓关系:the determination of the workers(工人们的决心) 固定搭配:be of much use,rob sb. of sth.,be fond of,make fun of,be tired of,of one’s own,instead of,run out of 7. to 主要表示方向、程度、结果、关系和位置。 固定搭配:rise to / by …,to one’s surprise / joy/ astonishment, to the east of,key to…,come up to,add up to,be open to the public,to the point,thanks to,suit … to …,stick to,refer to 三、 容易错、常考的介词及搭配 1. be made of,be made from,be made into,be made in 2. call on = visit,call for = go and pick up,call at one’s house or office 3. on business (出差)/ strike()罢工 / duty(值日) / holiday / fire / vacation / watch(警戒) / sale(出售) / leave(请假) / guard(警戒) 4. have some trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.,have a habit / idea / plan of doing sth. 5. A is pleased to B,B is pleased with A(对……感到满意) 6. be tired of,be tired from 7. with the help of,under the leadership of 8. by means of(使用),by way of(经由),by heart(记住),by the way 9. out of question(毫无疑问),out of the question(毫不可能) 10. prevent / stop / keep sb. from doing sth. 11. be thankful to sb. for sth. 12. steal sth. from sb.,rob sb. of sth. 13. insist on doing sth.,persist in doing sth.,stick to,go on doing sth. 14. set about doing sth.,set ou |
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2022-04-02 22:12
介词是来表明名词,代词与句中其他词的关系的词叫介词。是虚词,通常不能重读。介词可做主语,表语,补足语,定语,状语和插入语。
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2022-04-02 23:08
1. 名词+介词 例:1997年1月四级第29题 It is useful to be able to predict the extent which a price change will affect supply and demand. A) from B) with C) to D) for 本题考核介词和名词的搭配用法。空格后是一个定语从句,修饰主语中的名词extent。空格重要求填入一个介词,与extent组成短语,修饰谓语动词affect,表示程度。全句意思是:“能预测物价变动对供求的影响程度,会是很有用的”。extent前要用介词to。 From, with, 以及for 都不能与extent连用表示程度, 所以答案是C。 2. 形容词 + 介词 例:1997年6月四级第59题 By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular ________ children as Coca-Cola. A) for B) in C) to D) with 本题考核形容词popular的介词搭配。全句的意思是:“到了1929年,米老鼠和可口可乐一样,受到孩子们的欢迎。”形容词popular后面可接介词with或among,意思是“广受欢迎的”。因此,答案是D) with。介词in在这类句子中可表示“受欢迎的范围”,但不能用in somebody。to有时可以表示"对于……来说",但不能与形容词popular搭配。介词for一般表示事物发生的原因,与全句意思不符合。 例:1996年1月四级第30题 Cancer is second only ______ heart disease as a cause of death. A) of B) to C) with D) from Second在句中作形容词,表示"次于……的"时,要后接介词to,构成词组be second (only)to sth or sb。答案是B。 3. 动词+介词 例:1997年6月四级第52题 He will agree to do what you require ___________ him. A) of C) to B) from D) for 本题主要考核动词require与介词搭配的用法。require something of somebody表示“要求某人做某事”。因此答案是A)。require后面不能接介词to。require后面接介词from可以表示"向某人要某物",不能表示"要求某人做某事"。require后面接介词for时表示"为了"或"供……之用",也不能表示"要求某人做某事"。因此都是错误的。 4. 介词 + 名词 例:1999年6月四级第65题 I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived. A) in B) to C) at D) on 答案是D) on。on the point of doing 是固定词组,意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是:“当他的信到的时候我正要打电话给他”。 例:1995年6月四级第53题 The survival of civilization as we know is ______ threat. A) within B) under C) towards D) upon 全句意思是:“当今人类文明的生存正在受到威胁”。在4个选项中,只有B) under表示“在……情况下”或“遭到”。is under threat相当于is experiencing threat。所以答案是B) under。within的意思是“在……里面、在……以内”。towards的意思是“向、对”。upon可以表示“在……后立即”,但是不能与threat搭配表示“遭到”之意。 例:1997年1月四级第30题 Finding a job in such a big company has always been _____ his wildest dreams. A) under B) over C) above D) beyond 全句意思:“能在这么大的公司找到一份工作一直是他不敢想象的事”。空格中的介词要与his wildest dreams构成介词短语作句子的标语。答案是D) beyond,意为“超出”,相当于outside the range or limits of someone or something。其它的三个介词都不能和dreams搭配表示“超出”之意。 5. (not…) until的用法 例:1997年1月四级第52题 _______ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home. A) Before B) Until C) From D) Since 从4个选项来看,只有until可以用于副词recently之前。所以答案是B) 。全句的意思是:“英国大多数做母亲的人直到最近才外出从事有偿劳动”。主句谓语若含有否定意义,until表示“直到……才”。如果用since,句子的谓语应当用完成式态have not taken;如果用before,句子是表示在最近之前没有外出工作,至于何时外出工作,可以是最近,也可以是将来某个时候;如果用from,全句意思完全相反,谓语时态也不能用过去时,所以只能选B)。 6. 复合介词 例:1997年6月四级第34题 Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to ____ the color of his skin. A) with the exception of B) in the light of C) by virtue of D) regardless of 本句意思是:“这个国家里的每一个人,_____他是什么肤色,都有权住在他想住的地方”。空格中应填入“不管、无论”之意的复合介词。可见,答案是D)。其它选项的意思分别是:A) with the exception of(除了……之外),B) because of(由于,鉴于),C) by virtue of(借助、由于)都不适合本句。 7. 四级考试中常考的短语介词 例:1999年1月四级第63题 My father seemed to be in no ______ to look at my school report. A) mood B) emotion C) attitude D) feeling 本题测试短语介词的搭配用法。 本句的大意是:“我的父亲看上去没有情绪看我的成绩单”。be in (no) mood to do sth.为固定搭配,意思是“有(没有)做……的心境”。 例:1991年6月四级第46题 Will all those _______ the proposal raise their hands? A) in relation to B) in excess of C) in contrast to D) in favor of 本句的意思是:“______这项题意的,请举手”。空各处应填入一个表示“支持,赞同”之类的词。答案是D) in favor of。选项A) in relation to意思是:“有关,关于”,B) in excess of意思是:“超过”,C) in contrast to的意思是:“与……相比”,都不合题意。 例:1997年1月四级第48题 ________ one time, Manchester was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world. A) On B) By C) At D) Of 答案是C) At。介词短语at one time的意思是“曾经、一度”。其它的选项都不能与one time构成短语。 |